Labral Tear
Quick Reference
Reviewed by Dr. Peter Simonian
(Sometimes known as a Bankart Lesion when associated with an anterior, or frontward, shoulder dislocation)
The shoulder is the junction of three bones: the humerus (upper arm bone), the clavicle (collarbone), and scapula (shoulder blade). The ball-like head of the humerus fits into the cup-like end of the scapula known as the glenoid. This junction is commonly referred to as the shoulder socket, and is stabilized by the rotator cuff tendons and muscles. A circle of soft tissue known as the labrum surrounds the end of the glenoid like a gasket to make a tighter junction between the humerus and glenoid. An injury to the shoulder can cause the labrum to tear, and as the humerus presses this torn piece of labrum against the glenoid, pain occurs. A tear of the labrum reduces the degree to which the humerus is held in the socket, and may increase instability, causing future dislocations or subluxation.
Detailed Description
Symptoms
Shoulder catches, or stops, in certain positions of rotation. A dull pain may follow. A labral tear is otherwise painless.
Causes and Risk Factors
Causes
Excess motion of the humerus within the glenoid by repeated throwing or similar motions may cause the labrum to tear. An acute injury, often resulting from a fall on an outstretched hand, can cause the condition as well.Risk Factors
Frequent anterior (frontward) subluxation or acute dislocation pose the greatest risk for tear of the labrum.
Treatment
Immediate Action:
Since a labral tear usually accompanies a shoulder ailment such as Subluxation or dislocation, follow the first aid directives for those conditions if pain persists. If the condition is not painful, but the catching sensation does not stop, take ibuproferin or aspirin to reduce swelling and schedule an appointment with an orthopedic specialist. Use medicines only as directed. Procedures
If the problem persists, an orthopedic surgeon may decide to remove or repair part of the labrum either arthroscopically or through an open-shoulder procedure. While operating on the shoulder, he or she may stabilize the shoulder through arthroscopic, thermal, or an open-shoulder approach.
Medications
Non-prescription drugs, as directed by doctor. Prevention
Strengthening the area around the shoulder, especially the rotator cuff muscles, makes for greater shoulder stability, and, thus, a reduced risk of a labral tear. Walking on slippery floors and improper falling also raise the risk of a labral-tearing injury and should be avoided.
Last updated: 10-Oct-00
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