Broken Humerus
Quick Reference
Reviewed by Dr. Ken Alleyne
The humerus, or upper-arm bone, is one of the most commonly broken bones in both children under 12 and adults over 60. A break in the bone most often happens in the shaft of the bone, in the area between the shoulder joint and the elbow. However, a hard fall on an outstretched hand can cause a fracture in the proximal humerus, the area where the bone meets the shoulder joint. Fractures of the humerus represent about 4 to 5 percent of all fractures.
Detailed Description
Symptoms
Severe pain, tenderness and swelling in arm, sometimes accompanied by a visible lump or deformity in arm. Numbness, coldness and change of coloration may occur if the fracture interrupts the blood supply. Causes and Risk Factors
Causes
A direct blow to the arm or a fall on an outstretched hand are the most common causes of a fractured humerus. Degenerative bone diseases such as osteoarthritis or a lack of calcium raise the risk of suffering a broken arm from a fall. Risk Factors
Age over 60, obesity, low bone density, and contact sports such as football or hockey heighten the likelihood of a fractured humerus.
Treatment
Immediate Action:
If a broken humerus is suspected, the patient should consult a doctor immediately. Stabilize the arm and wrap the patient in warm blankets (without moving the arm) to prevent shock. Apply ice to the area in 20- to 30-minute intervals, taking care not to freeze the skin around the area or apply too much pressure to it, which may cause pain. Procedures
A doctor will confirm that the bone is broken with an X Ray. A broken humerus is often set in place and kept steady with a cast. Sometimes surgery is necessary to set the bone in place with screws or other fixation devices. While performing surgery, the doctor may repair any tissue, including ligaments and tendons that were damaged by the fracture. Medications
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to control swelling and pain. Local anesthetic may be used when reduction is necessary. General or local anesthetic may be applied if surgery is required. Use medications only as directed. Prevention
A diet high in calcium and other bone-healthy nutrients and a regimen of strengthening the bones of the shoulder are the best preventative measures against a broken humerus.
Last updated: 10-Oct-00
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